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1.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 34(2): 93-99, 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-762609

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El uso de adenosina intracoronario durante la angioplastía coronaria ha sido controversial en los últimos años. El beneficio teórico en el flujo epi-cárdico y microcirculatorio (MC) no se ha demostrado categóricamente en estudios clínicos. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de protección de la MC y del flujo epicárdico al utilizar adenosina intracoronaria durante la AP. Métodos: Estudio clínico randomizado multicéntrico, caso-control con análisis post hoc ciego, en pacientes portadores de SCA con SDST. Un total de 122 pacientes aleatorizados 1:1, se consideró caso (A(+)) aquel que se administró adenosina en dosis de 120 microgramos intracoronario en bolo y luego infusión periférica de 6mg en 33ml de suero fisiológico a pasar en 2-3 minutos Se evaluaron criterios clínicos, angiográficos y electrocar-diográficos de reperfusión epicárdica y microvascular. Observadores ciegos evaluaron el conteo de cuadros TIMI (cTFC) y "blush" miocárdico (BM). Se compararon las características clínicas, angiográficas basales y los resultados angiográficos finales entre ambos grupos, usando t-Student, prueba de Mann-Whitney, Chi cuadrado y test exacto de Fisher según correspondiera. En todos los pacientes se evaluó la resolución del SDST con el score de ST. Además, se evaluó las posibles complicaciones por uso de adenosina intracoronaria. Resultados: Entre 2012-2014 se reclutaron 122 pacientes. Al comparar las características basales entre el grupo A(+) vs los A(-) no hubo diferencias significativas en la edad (59+/-10 años para A(+) vs 58+/-10 años para A(-), p:0,97), ni en las comorbilidades. Al comparar las características angiográficas basales, no se encontró diferencias en los vasos culpables (ADA 44% en A(+) vs 43% en A(-), p:0.57), en las cargas trombóticas (Alta carga: 69% para A(+) vs 74% para A(-), p:0.53), en el flujo TIMI pre (TIMI 0-1 86% para ambos grupos, p:0,69), cTFC pre (87+/-23 cuadros en A(+) vs 88+/-25 cuadros en A(-), p:0.99), Killip de ingreso (Killip I, 86% para A(+) vs 76% para A(-), p:0,11) y fracción de eyección (51+/-8% para A(+) vs 48+/-9% para (-), p:0,61). Al evaluar los resultados angiográficos finales encontramos diferencias significativas en el flujo TIMI (TIMI 3 96% para grupo A(+) vs 74% para grupo A(-), p:0,002). No encontramos diferencias significativas en el BM (Blush 3 73% para ambos grupos, p:0.74), el cTFC final (24+/-11 cuadros en A(+) vs 26+/-12 cuadros en A(-), p:0,85). Si consideramos cTFC <23cuadros como éxito angiográficos, tampoco encontramos diferencias significativas (56% para A(+) vs 53% para A(-), p:0,45). Por último tampoco hubo diferencias significativas con la resolución del segmento ST (44% para A(+) vs 58% para A(-), p:0,126). Conclusión: De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos podemos inferir que la adenosina intracoronaria cumple un rol en la conservación óptima del flujo epicárdico coronario, pero sin influir en la microcirculación. Mayores estudios se requieren para determinar si se traduce en algún beneficio clínico.


Background: The effect of Intracoronary adenosine for coronary flow preservation during primary PTCA is debatable. Clinical studies have not established a benefit of adenosine administration upon epicar-dic or microcirculatory flows. Aim: to evaluate micro circulatory flow preservation after administration of intracoronary adenosine during primary PTCA. Method: From 2012 to 2014, 122 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction randomized to either adenosine of control (2:1) were included in a controlled clinical trial. Adenosine was administered in a 120 mg bolus followed by 6mg solution during 2 to 3 min. Epicardic and micro vascular flows were evaluated through clinical, angiographic, electrocardiographic and reperfusion variables. TIMI (cTFC) and myocardial "blush" were measured by blind observers. Results: Basal characteristics, namely age and co-morbidities were similar between groups. Also, the distribution of coronary vessels involved in MI was similar with a preponderance of the LAD artery. There was an high proportion of patients with an elevated thrombus load (Adenosine 69%, controls 74%) ; TIMI flow 0-1 was 86% in both groups and TIMI cTFC was not different (adenosine: 87±23 , controls 88±25 ). Over 75% of patients were Killip I, and the ejection fraction was slightly decreased (adenosine 51±8% , controls 48±9% , NS). In contrast, TIMI flow was significantly greater for adenosine (TIMI 3 96% for adenosine and 74% for controls, p=0.002). No difference was observed in myocardial blush (B 3 73% in both groups) nor cTFC (24±11 vs. 26±12, respectively). Finally, regression of ST elevation was similar in both groups. Conclusion: Intracoronary adenosine during PTCA in ST elevation MI was associated to a better epicardial but not microvascular flow. Further study is needed to evaluate the eventual clinical benefit of these effects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods , Adenosine/administration & dosage , Coronary Circulation/drug effects , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Chi-Square Distribution , Multicenter Study , Treatment Outcome , Microcirculation/drug effects
2.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 33(3): 173-180, dic. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-743819

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La efectividad de la aspiración de trombos de rutina en una angioplastía primaria (AP) es controversial. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la aspiración de rutinaria de trombos durante la AP en la preservación del flujo microvascular final, estratificada por horas de presentación. Métodos: Realizamos un ensayo clínico prospectivo randomizado de 122 pacientes que se presentaron al Hospital Sótero del Río con infarto agudo al miocardio con upradesnivel del ST (IAM c/SDST) a AP + aspiración o sólo AP, evaluando el flujo microvascular final. Resultados: Se randomizaron 59 pacientes a AP + aspiración y 63 a sólo AP En el grupo de aspiración hubo menor empleo de pre-dilatación (46.4% vs 80.3 por ciento; p=0.01) y menor necesidad de realizar técnicas complejas de bifurcación (3.6 por ciento vs 15.2 por ciento; p=0.03). No observamos diferencias en el flujo microvascular final medido por conteo de cuadros TIMI (cTFC) (25.6 +/- 11.8 vs 24.8 +/- 10.9; p=0.12). No hubo diferencias en el flujo microvascular final, de acuerdo al tiempo de presentación: < 3 horas de IAM c/SDST (cTFC 22.3 +/- -9.1 vs 22.4 +/--8; p= 0.2) y > 3 horas de IAM c/SDST (cTFC 27.7 +/- 13.4 vs 25.9 +/- 11.6; p= 0.08). Conclusion: En nuestra experiencia, no hay mejoría del flujo microvascular final en la tromboaspiración manual de rutina durante la AP como tampoco en el subgrupo de presentación precoz. La menor predilatación y el menor uso de técnicas complejas de bifurcación, podría traducir una angioplastía técnicamente más fácil al aspirar el trombo y permitir una mejor visualización del vasoculpable.


Background. There is controversy regarding the effectiveness of thrombi aspiration during primary angioplasty for ST elevation myocardial Aim: to evaluate the effect of routine aspiration of thrombus upon micro vascular flow, both overall and according to the time from initial pain to intervention. Method: 122 patients admitted to a general hospital for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction were prospectively randomized to undergo coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with prior aspiration of thrombi or PTCA alone. The final micro vascular flow was compared between groups. A similar analysis compared patients presenting before or after 3 hours from de initial pain. Results: 59 patients underwent thrombi aspiration followed by PTCA (A+PTCA) and 63 PTCA alone (PTCA). Compared to the PTCA group, the A+PTCA group required less frequently balloon pre-dilation. (46.4 percent vs 80.3 percent; p=0.01) and a need for complex angioplasty of bifurcation lesions (3.6 percent vs 15.2 percent; p=0.03). No difference was observed in final micro vascular flow assessed by cTFC between corresponding groups (25.6 +/- 11.8 vs 24.8 +/- 10.9; p=0.12). Compared to Group A+PTCA, patients undergoing PTCA alone had no difference in final micro vascular flow, irrespective of time from initial pain to PTCA: cTFC 22.3 +/- -9.1 vs 22.4 +/--8 in those treated <3 hours from initial pain and 27.7 +/- 13.4 vs 25.9 +/- 11.6, in those treated >= 3 hr after initial pain, respectively. Conclusion: Manual thrombi aspiration before PTCA in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction did not improve micro vascular flow, regardless of the time from initial pain to primary PTCA. The lesser need for complex angioplasty and balloon pre-dilatation in patients undergoing thrombi aspiration may reflect a better visualization of affected arteries during PTCA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Thrombectomy/methods , Thrombosis/therapy , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Microcirculation , Prospective Studies , Suction , Time Factors
3.
Cardiovasc Revasc Med ; 15(5): 284-8, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25178668

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Ticagrelor has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with ACS. However, the effects of this drug on parameters of microvascular flow in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have not been completely evaluated. METHODS: Ninety-two patients presenting with STEMI where randomized to a loading dose of clopidogrel (600 mg) or ticagrelor (180 mg) before undergoing primary angioplasty. We assessed angiographic and electrocardiographic parameters of myocardial reperfusion. Blinded operators calculated angiographic corrected TIMI Frame count (cTFC) and myocardial blush grade (MBG) before and after stent implantation. ST segment resolution was also measured in all patients. Primary endpoint was cTFC after PCI. Secondary endpoints were cTFC prior to PCI, TIMI flow grade, MBG and the percentage of ST resolution. RESULTS: Of the 92 randomized patients, 70 patients were analyzed. Mean age of patients was 58.8±10 years. Patients presented with a mean ischemic time of 4.4±2.6 hours. There were no significant differences in the time between loading dose and stent deployment (35.2±36.4 in ticagrelor and 42.7±29.5 min in clopidogrel, p=0.36). cTFC before angioplasty was significantly lower in ticagrelor than in clopidogrel (81.1±29.4 vs. 95.1±17.5 frames respectively, p=0.01). After angioplasty there were no differences between ticagrelor and clopidogrel in cTFC (24.6±9.3 vs. 27.0±13.4 frames respectively, p=0.62); MBG grade 3 was present in 76.4 vs. 69.4% of patients, respectively (p=0.41). The percentage of ST resolution did not show any differences between groups (84.8±23.4 in ticagrelor vs. 70.8±33.7 in clopidogrel, p=0.36). CONCLUSION: Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor loading in patients presenting with STEMI is not associated with an improvement of angiographic and electrocardiographic parameters of myocardial reperfusion after angioplasty.


Subject(s)
Adenosine/analogs & derivatives , Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use , Ticlopidine/analogs & derivatives , Adenosine/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Angiography/methods , Angioplasty/methods , Clopidogrel , Electrocardiography , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ticagrelor , Ticlopidine/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome
4.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 33(2): 95-100, 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-726133

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivo: El consumo de cocaína puede inducir deterioro del flujo microvascular coronario. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar parámetros angiográficos de flujo coronario en pacientes con infarto de miocardio con supradesnivel del ST que habían consumido cocaína versus pacientes que no habían consumido. Métodos: Estudio analítico observacional con selección aleatoria de los controles. Se midió el recuento de cuadros TIMI y el "blush" Miocárdico. Resultados: De un total de 1294 pacientes cuyo infarto se trató con angioplastía primaria, 59 declararon haber consumido cocaína previo al evento. Los controles fueron 142 pacientes sin consumo de cocaína previo, seleccionados aleatoriamente. Los consumidores eran más jóvenes (38 +/- 10 vs 58 +/- 10 años, p<0,001), con predominio de hombres (89.8 por ciento vs 77.3 por ciento,p=0,039), menor proporción de hipertensión arterial (8.5 por ciento vs 58 por ciento, p<0,001), y de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (6,8 por ciento vs 26,1 por ciento p=0,002). Tenían menos arterias con estenosis > 70 por ciento (4,9 versus 40,7 por ciento, p<0,001) y menor recuento de cuadros TIMI inicial (61 +/- 35 vs 84 +/- 28 cuadros, p<0,001). El implante de stents fue menos frecuente en los consumidores (37,3 por ciento vs 89,9 por ciento, p<0.001). Al término de la angioplastía, los consumidores tuvieron peor recuento de cuadros que los controles (37 +/- 22 2 versus 29 +/- 17 cuadros, p=0,003). Sólo la variable "consumidores" fue significativa para peor cTFC (OR 2,6, p=0,049, 95 por ciento, IC 1,003 - 6,721). El "blush" miocárdico no fue diferente entre los grupos. Conclusiones: El infarto asociado a consumo de cocaína se presenta en hombres que tienen menos factores de riesgo tradicionales, y menos prevalencia de estenosis coronarias significativas. Los consumidores presentan mayor deterioro del flujo coronario microvascular post angioplastía.


Introduction and objective: Cocaine consumption may induce microvascular coronary blood flow deterioration. Our objective was to compare microvascular coronary blood flow in patients with acute myocardial infarction and ST elevation, with or without prior consumption of cocaine. Methods: This was a case - control (1:2) observational analytic study. We measured TIMI frame count and Myocardial Blush Grade in all patients. Results: From a total of 1294 primary angioplasty, 59 patients declared cocaine consumption prior to the event. Controls were 142 patients. Consumers were younger (38 +/- 10 vs 58 +/- 10 years, p<0.001), predominantly male (89.8 percent vs 77.3 percent, p=0.039), had less arterial hypertension (8.5 percent vs 58 percent, p<0.001) and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (6.8 percent vs 26.1 percent, p=0.002). Stenosis > 70 percent were less frequent in consumers than in controls (4.9 percent vs 40.7 percent , p<0.001). They had lower baseline TIMI frame count (61 +/- 35 vs 84 +/- 28 frames, p<0.001) and stent implantation was less common (37.3 percent vs 89.9 percent, p<0.001). Final TIMI frame count was 37 +/- 22 in consumers vs 29 +/- 17 frames in controls, p=0.003). Cocaine was a statistically significant predictor of poor TIMI frame count in a multivariate analysis (OR 2.6, p=0.049, 95 percent CI 1.003-6.721). Myocardial Blush was not different between groups. Conclusions: Cocaine consumption associated to STEMI is more frequent in young male patients, with fewer cardiovascular risk factors and less severe angiographic lesions. Cocaine consumers had higher prevalence of decreased coronary microvascular flow after primary angioplasty.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/adverse effects , Coronary Circulation , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects , Cocaine-Related Disorders/complications , Case-Control Studies , Microcirculation , Multivariate Analysis , Observational Study
5.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 33(2): 116-122, 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-726136

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El shock cardiogénico (SC) es la complicación más grave del infarto agudo al miocardio (IAM). La mortalidad del SC varía entre un 40-60%. Con el acceso a la angioplastía primaria, el pronóstico del SC ha mejorado en los últimos años, aunque la mortalidad permanece elevada. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar las características clínicas, predictores de mortalidad intrahospitalaria y a largo plazo de los pacientes con IAM complicados con SC en 3 centros hospitalarios con disponibilidad de hemodinamia de urgencia las 24 horas del día.Métodos y Resultados. Estudio analítico observacional. Se incluyeron pacientes entre Enero 2009 y Agosto 2013. La mortalidad se confirmó por certificado de defunción emitido por el registro civil. En el período estudiado se encontraron 101 pacientes con IAM con SC, con una mortalidad intrahospitalaria de 40.8% y global de 53.5% con un seguimiento medio de 1.6 años. No hubo deiferencias significativas entre vivos y fallecidos, respecto de la edad de presentación, antecedentes CV, enfermedad renal, PCR al momento de presentación, tiempo transcurrido desde la presentación del SC, trombo-aspiración, uso de balón de contrapulsación intraórtico (BCIAo), ni resultado angiográfico final. El grupo de mortalidad presentaba mayor número de vasos enfermos (83.3% vs 63.2%; p:0.012), peor fracción de eyección (Fe<30% 66.7% vs 22.5%; p<0,001). Los predictores ajustados de mortalidad intrahospitalaria fueron la presencia de 2 o más vasos enfermos OR 2.9 (IC 95% 1.19-7,1; p= 0.012), y la FE < 30% (OR 6.8, IC 95% 2.23 - 21.27; p=0.001)...


Background. Cardiogenic shock in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with a high mortality rate (40-60%). An improvement in this prognosis has followed the introduction of primary angioplasty. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and angiographic characteristics as well as to determine the early and late mortality in patients with St elevation AMI and cardiogenic shock undergoing primary angioplasty in 3 hospital centers where this procedure was available on a 24hr basis.Methods and Results. We analyzed the clinical an angiographic data of patients treated with primary PTCA for AMI and cardiogenic shock from January 2009 to August 2013. Mortality was confirmed by the data from a National Statistics Office. 101 patients were included and followed for an average of 1.6 years after primary PTCA. Early and total mortality rates were 40.8% and 53.5%, respectively. No differences were found between survivors and non survivors regarding age, risk factors, previous cardiovascular disease, renal failure, CRP and time to PTCA. Intracoronary thrombus aspiration, use of intra-aortic balloon pumping or final angiographic findings were also similar between groups. Compared to survivors, deceased patients had more vessels involved (>= 2 vessels in 83.3% vs 63.2%, respectively, p=0.012) and lower EF (under 30% in 66.7% vs 22.5%, respectively, p<0.001). Predictors of hospital mortality were the presence of >= 2 vessel disease (OR 2.9, 95% C.I. 1.19 - 7.1, p=0.012) and EF under 30% (OR 6.8, C.I. 2.23 - 21.27, p= 0.001)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/mortality , Shock, Cardiogenic/complications , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Shock, Cardiogenic/mortality , Follow-Up Studies , Hospital Mortality , Observational Study , Prognosis
6.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 33(1): 20-26, 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-713522

ABSTRACT

La angiografía coronaria permanece como "gold standard" para el diagnóstico y toma de decisiones en la enfermedad coronaria. Sin embargo, la significación de lesiones con estenosis de 50-70 por ciento es difícil. La medición de la reserva de flujo fraccional (FFR) es una herramienta útil para dilucidar esta interrogante. Generalmente se usa adenosina (A) en bolo intracoronario para inducir máxima vasodilatación y hay poca evidencia para drogas alternativas con este objeto. En este estudio evaluamos el uso de nitroprusiato (N) como droga alternativa. Métodos y Resultados: Se efectuó un estudio clínico aleatorizado. A (120 ug IC) y posteriormente N (50 ug IC), o vice-versa, se usaron para evaluar cada lesión. Se evaluaron 60 lesiones en 44 pacientes (24 hombres) de 63.5 +/- 9.6 años, con masa corporal 28.95 +/- 3.32 kg/m2. Las lesiones se localizaron en arteria descendente anterior en 46.7 por ciento, coronaria derecha en 26.7 por ciento, circunfleja en 11.7 por ciento y 13.9 por ciento en las otras arterias. La estenosis coronaria promedio evaluada por angiografía cuantitativa fue 49.5 por ciento (95 por ciento CI: 46.5 - 52.5 por ciento). La presión arterial media (PAM) basal fue similar en ambos grupos (pre - A: 106.5 +/- 18.2 mmHg, pre - N: 105.6 +/- 18.8 mmHg, NS) o después de A, pero se observó un descenso transitorio después de NP (descenso promedio de 12.5 mmHg, 95 por ciento CI: 9.2 a15.7 mmHg, 2p < 0.001). Este efecto estaba asociado a la hiperemia prolongada lograda con N. (duración de hiperemia con N: 39.2 +/- 8.7 s., y con A of 15.3 +/- 3.2 s. 2p < 0.001). Hubo excelente correlación entre los resultados de A y de N respecto de FFR (r 0.986)...


Abstract: Coronary angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosing coronary artery disease and making therapeutic decisions. However the significance of intermediate lesions (between 50-70%) is difficult to evaluate. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement is an important tool for the evaluation of these lesions. To achieve maximum vasodilatation, Intracoronary (IC) bolus or a continuous intravenous infusion of (A) is usually used. There is very little data for an alternative drug. The aim of this study was to evaluate Sodium nitroprusside (N) 50 IC bolus as an alternative to A for to determine FFR.Method and Results: A multicentric, randomized clinical trial was conducted. A, (120 IC) and subsequently N (50 IC) or vice versa was used for every lesion. 60 coronary lesions were evaluated in 44 patients (24 men and 20 women), mean age 63.5 ± 9.6 years and BMI 28.95 ± 3.32 kg/m2. The lesions were located in the left anterior descending artery in 46.7% of patients, the right coronary in 26.7%, the circumflex in 11.7% and others in 13.9%. Mean coronary artery stenosis as assessed by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was 49.5% (95% CI: 46.5 - 52.5%).The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was similar in groups at baseline.(pre - A: 106.5 ± 18.2 mmHg, pre - N: 105.6 ± 18.8 mmHg, NS), or after A, but there was a transient decrease in MAP when N was administered (average decline of MAP: 12.5 mmHg, (95% CI: 9.2 to 15.7 mmHg, 2p < 0.001). This effect was due to the prolonged hypere-mia time achieved with the drug (hyperemia duration with nitroprusside 39.2 ± 8.7 sec. and with adenosine of 15.3 ± 3.2 sec. 2p < 0.001). We could demonstrate an excellent correlation between IC nitroprusside and IC adenosine with regard to FFR measurement, (correlation coefficient = 0.986, p < 0.001)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Coronary Circulation , Coronary Disease/diagnosis , Coronary Disease/physiopathology , Nitroprusside/administration & dosage , Vasodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Adenosine/administration & dosage , Coronary Circulation/physiology , Hyperemia/chemically induced , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Time Factors , Vasodilation , Blood Flow Velocity , Blood Flow Velocity/physiology
7.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 157(1): 36-43, 2013 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23740814

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to perform a nationwide survey in Chile to determine dose levels to patients and staff in four risk scenarios during cardiac catheterisation procedures. Different phantom thicknesses of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were used to simulate adult patients. Scenario 1: 10-min fluoroscopy and 800 cine frames for 20 cm of PMMA; Scenario 2: 10-min fluoroscopy and 800 cine frames for 28 cm of PMMA; Scenario 3: 30-min fluoroscopy and 2400 cine frames for 20 cm of PMMA; Scenario 4: 30-min fluoroscopy and 2400 cine frames for 28 cm of PMMA. The average values regarding dose-area product and scattered doses at the cardiologist eye lens achieved for the four scenarios were 94, 249, 281, 747 Gy cm(2) and 0.3, 0.8, 0.9 and 2.5 mSv, respectively. Large variations in radiation doses received by both patients and staff for the same type of procedure suggest that optimising procedure protocols and using the most effective types of protective devices may substantially reduce the dose values found here.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Catheterization/adverse effects , Cardiology , Lens, Crystalline/radiation effects , Medical Staff, Hospital , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Radiation Protection , Radiography, Interventional , Adult , Chile , Fluoroscopy , Health Surveys , Humans , Phantoms, Imaging , Polymethyl Methacrylate/chemistry , Radiation Dosage , Risk Factors
8.
Cardiovasc Revasc Med ; 14(1): 4-8, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23337378

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Distal embolization of thrombus/platelet aggregates decreases myocardial reperfusion during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and is associated with worse immediate and long-term prognosis of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). OBJECTIVE: Assess the efficacy of a mesh covered stent (MGuard™ stent, MGS) in preventing distal embolization and microvascular reperfusion impairment during primary PCI, compared with a bare metal stent (BMS). METHODS: Forty patients with STEMI referred for primary PCI were randomized for stenting the culprit lesion with the MGS (n = 20) or a BMS (n = 20). Blinded experts performed off-line measurements of angiographic epicardial and microvascular reperfusion criteria: TIMI flow grade, myocardial blush, corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC). RESULTS: At baseline clinical, angiographic and procedural variables were not different between groups. Post PCI TIMI flow grade was similar in both groups. We observed better myocardial Blush grade in group MGS compared to BMS (median value 3.0 vs 2.5, 2p = 0.006) and cTFC (mean cTFC: MGS 19.65 ± 4.07 vs BMS 27.35 ± 7.15, 2p < 0.001, cTFC mean difference MGS-BMS: 7.7, CI 95%: 3.94 to 11.46). MGS stent group had a higher percentage of successful angioplasty (cTFC ≤ 23: MGS 85% vs BMS 30%, 2p < 0.001). We had two cases of acute stent thrombosis (one for each group) at 30days follow up, but no clinical events at 6 months follow up. CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory study, MGS significantly improved microvascular reperfusion criteria compared with a BMS in primary PCI. However its safety and impact on clinical outcomes should be verified in larger randomized clinical trials.


Subject(s)
Coronary Circulation , Metals , Microcirculation , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/instrumentation , Stents , Surgical Mesh , Adult , Aged , Chi-Square Distribution , Chile , Coronary Angiography , Embolism/etiology , Embolism/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects , Prosthesis Design , Thrombosis/etiology , Thrombosis/prevention & control , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
11.
Arch Cardiol Mex ; 82(2): 170-80, 2012.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22735658

ABSTRACT

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is used by biomedical journals to guarantee credibility and transparency of the scientific process. Conflict of interest disclosure, however, is not systematically nor consistently dealt with by journals. Recent joint editorial efforts paved the way towards the implementation of uniform vehicles for conflicts of interest disclosure. This paper provides a comprehensive editorial perspective on classical conflict of interest-related issues. New insights into current conflicts of interest policies and practices among European Society of Cardiology national cardiovascular journals, as derived from a cross-sectional survey using a standardized questionnaire, are discussed.


Subject(s)
Cardiology , Conflict of Interest , Disclosure/standards , Periodicals as Topic/standards , Societies, Medical
12.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 82(2): 170-180, abr.-jun. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657954

ABSTRACT

Las revistas biomédicas utilizan la declaración de posibles conflictos de intereses para garantizar la credibilidad y la transparencia del proceso científico. Sin embargo, las revistas no abordan la declaración de conflictos de intereses de manera sistemática ni uniforme. Recientes esfuerzos editoriales conjuntos han abierto el camino a la aplicación de herramientas uniformes para la declaración de conflictos de intereses. En este artículo se presenta una visión integral sobre cuestiones clásicas relacionadas con los conflictos de intereses desde un punto de vista editorial. Además, a partir de los datos de un estudio transversal basado en el empleo de un cuestionario estandarizado, se comentan nuevas apreciaciones sobre las políticas y los actuales procedimientos editoriales relativos a los conflictos de intereses en las diversas revistas cardiovasculares nacionales de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología.


Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is used by biomedical journals to guarantee credibility and transparency of the scientific process. Conflict of interest disclosure, however, is not systematically nor consistently dealt with by journals. Recent joint editorial efforts paved the way towards the implementation of uniform vehicles for conflicts of interest disclosure. This paper provides a comprehensive editorial perspective on classical conflict of interest-related issues. New insights into current conflicts of interest policies and practices among European Society of Cardiology national cardiovascular journals, as derived from a cross-sectional survey using a standardized questionnaire, are discussed.


Subject(s)
Authorship/standards , Conflict of Interest , Disclosure , Editorial Policies , Periodicals as Topic , Cardiology , Data Collection , Disclosure/standards , Drug Industry/economics , Drug Industry , Europe , Periodicals as Topic/standards , Research Support as Topic , Societies, Medical
13.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 29(2): 179-184, ago. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577263

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La microembolización se asocia a más eventos cardiovasculares adversos (MACE) especialmente en angioplastía (PTCA) de puentes venosos aortocoronarios (PAC) o en síndrome coronario agudo (SCA). El stent MGuard evitaría la embolización distal. Nuestro objetivo: evaluar el stent con micromalla de dacron como alternativa de protección embólica. Métodos: Registro prospectivo de PTCA con stent MGuard en de SCA de PAC y vasos nativos. Resultados: 15 angioplastias, de ellas 53 por ciento con infarto agudo miocárdico con supradesnivel de ST (IAM con SDST). PTCA en vasos nativos: 60 por ciento y PAC: 40 por ciento (antigüedad: 13 +/- 3 años). El 53 por ciento tuvo flujo inicial TIMI 0-1, alto contenido trombótico (66 por ciento: 4-5 en escala de trombos TIMI). Se predilató la lesión en 73 por ciento de los casos, se empleó Reopro en 2 casos, no se usó filtros de protección ni aspirador de trombos. Las dimensiones del stent MGuard: 22.2 +/- 4.4 mm de largo por 3.7 +/- 0.44 mm de diámetro. El 100 por ciento con flujo TIMI 3 final, 93 por ciento con impregnación miocárdica grado 3. Subgrupo de IAM con SDST: 71 por ciento obtuvo < 23 cuadros TIMI/segundo, 100 por ciento con regresión del SDST mayor de 50 por ciento a 90 minutos de PTCA. Subgrupo de PTCA de PAC: (excepto caso de PTCA de PAC en IAM c/SDST) no se registró elevación de la CK total o MB post PTCA. Seguimiento: un caso de trombosis al mes. Conclusión: El MGuard stent parece ser efectivo en la protección de la microcirculación. Se requieren estudios para evaluar la seguridad clínica y eficacia en protección embólica.


Background: Coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is associated to a greater incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with stenosis of saphenous vein grafts (SVG) and in those with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The MGuard stent, a device with a dacron micro mesh, is currently being evaluated for the prevention of distal thrombotic embolization in these patients. Aim to evaluate the MGuard stent, for the prevention of distal embolization. Methods: analysis of a prospective registry of patients submitted to PTCA for ACS in native coronary arteries or occluded SVG using the MGuard stent. Results: 15 PTCA procedures were performed, 53 percent in patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STE-MI). PTCA was performed in native vessels in 60 percent patients and in SVG in 40 percent. Interval from surgery in these patients was 13+/-3 years. 53 percent of patients had initial TIMI fow rate 0-1 and 66 percent had a thrombotic load of 4-5 (TIMI scale). Lesions were predilated in 73 percent of cases; abxicimab was used in 2 patients and no protection filters or thrombus aspiration were performed. MGuard stent dimensions were 22.2+/-4.4 mm in length, and 3.7+/-0.44 mm in diameter. Final TIMI 3 fow was observed in all patients; 93 percent of then had grade 3 myocardial impregnation. In the subgroup of patients with STE-MI, a 23 frames/sec TIMI frame count was observed with >50 percent reduction of ST elevation 90 min after PTCA. In patients with SVG, except one patient with ACS, no elevation of total or MB- CK was observed. Follow up revealed reocclusion in 1 patient, 1 month after the procedure. Conclusion: The MGuard stent appears to be an effective device to protect the microcirculation form distal embolization during PTCA. Studies with larger number of patients and extended periods of follow up are encouraged by these results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/instrumentation , Embolism/prevention & control , Stents , Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Prospective Studies , Prostheses and Implants
14.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 29(1): 146-154, 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-554864

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Dentro de las complicaciones más importantes de la fibrilación auricular (FA) se encuentra el accidente vascular encefálico embólico (AVE), siendo la terapia anticoagulante oral (TACO) la principal herramienta para su prevención. Cerca de un 20 por ciento de los pacientes con FA presentan condiciones clínicas que impiden su uso. Como la orejuela izquierda (01) ha sido identificada como el principal sitio de formación de trombos en la FA no valvular, se ha postulado que su oclusión podría disminuir la incidencia de eventos embólicos en este tipo de pacientes. Con este objetivo se han desarrollado múltiples técnicas, tanto quirúrgicas como dispositivos percutáneos para el cierre de esta estructura. En esta publicación se presenta la experiencia del cierre percutáneo de la 01 en tres pacientes, con el uso del dispositivo Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (ACP). Métodos: Los tres pacientes tenían alto riesgo embólico y contraindicación para uso de TACO. El procedimiento se realizó en el laboratorio de hemodinamia, bajo guía radioscópica y ecocardiográfica, con anestesia general. Resultados: Se logró la oclusión completa de la 01 en todos los pacientes, realizando además el cierre de un foramen oval permeable (FOP) en uno de ellos. Uno de los pacientes presentó derrame pericárdico el cual requirió pericardiocentesis. Los pacientes no presentaron otras complicaciones. Luego de un seguimiento de 6 meses no se han evidenciado eventos embólicos en ninguno de ellos. Conclusión: En esta experiencia preliminar, hemos comprobado la factibilidad de la oclusión de la 01 con el uso del dispositivo Amplatzer Cardiac Plug, en pacientes con FA con alto riesgo embólico y malos candidatos a TACO.


Embolic Stroke is a major concern in patients with atrial fibrillation. Anticoagulant therapy is the preferred tool to prevent this complication, but some patients have contraindications to anticoagulation. Most of the thrombus originates at the left atrial appendage (LAA), so the closure of LAA could prevent embolization of thrombus. Three patients with high embolic risk and contraindication to anticoagulant therapy were treated at our institution with an occlude device of the LAA (Amplatzer Cardiac Plug). Implantation of the device was successful in all the patients; one had a hem pericardium and underwent pericardiocentesis without further consequences. Patients were discharged without anticoagulants. After 6 months of follow-up, no embolic complications have been reported. In this preliminary experience, we report the feasibility of the closure of LAA with the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug Device.


Subject(s)
Atrial Appendage/pathology , Intracranial Embolism/prevention & control , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Prostheses and Implants , Septal Occluder Device , Stroke/prevention & control , Anticoagulants , Embolization, Therapeutic/instrumentation , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome
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